Οι πόλεις "Ολοκληρωμένου Οικοσυστήματος" στην εποχή της κλιματικής αλλαγής: ουτοπία ή εφικτή προοπτική;
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26253/heal.uth.ojs.aei.2011.249Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Κλιματική αλλαγή και πόλεις, Οικολογικός σχεδιασμός πόλεων, Αστική οικολογία, Πόλεις και κυκλικός μεταβολισμός, Αειφόρες πόλεις, Οικολογικές πόλεις, Πόλεις χαμηλών επιπτώσεωνΠερίληψη
Για την ανάλυση σε μεγαλύτερο βάθος της σχέσης πόλης - περιβάλλοντος, μια νέα έννοια έχει προκύψει πρόσφατα, αποκαλούμενη "αστική οικολογία", που εισήγαγε τις έννοιες της "φυσικής ικανότητας", της "οικονομίας της φύσης", του "οικολογικού αποτυπώματος" και του "μεταβολισμού". Σημαντική συνιστώσα των παραπάνω είναι η ενσωμάτωση οικολογικών αρχών στο σχεδιασμό και την διαχείριση της πόλης, η οποία διαμορφώνει νέες θεωρήσεις όπως η "Οικο-Πόλη" και η "Πόλη Χαμηλών Επιπτώσεων". Αυτές αποτελούν νεωτεριστικές προσεγγίσεις που καλύπτουν ένα ευρύ φάσμα προτάσεων ολιστικής προσέγγισης της πόλης μέσω κυκλικών διεργασιών, δημιουργικής αντιμετώπισης των χωρικών ζητημάτων, εφαρμογής καινοτόμων τεχνολογικών λύσεων, επιδίωξης τοπικής αυτάρκειας, διαχείρισης των φυσικών πόρων κ.λπ. Ως κεντρική φιλοσοφία εστιάζουν συνολικά στην ελαχιστοποίηση του οικολογικού αποτυπώματος και προωθούν ουσιαστικά την επιστροφή στην ανθρώπινη κλίμακα και στις τοπικές φυσικές διεργασίες που ελαχιστοποιούν την κατανάλωση, ενάντια στην υπεροψία των σύγχρονων αντιλήψεων για την αστικότητα. Μια κριτική προσέγγισή τους, ωστόσο, φέρνει στην επιφάνεια δύο κρίσιμα ερωτήματα που ίσως αποτελέσουν την "αχίλλειο πτέρνα" ως προς την αποτελεσματικότητα και τις δυνατότητες εφαρμογής τους. Μπορούν στην πράξη, να εξασφαλίσουν την ανταγωνιστικότητα στις πόλεις και γενικότερα στις σύγχρονες οικονομίες; Θα καταφέρουν να πείσουν ότι δεν αποτελούν μια "ουτοπιστική" και ανεδαφική προσέγγιση της σύγχρονης πραγματικότητας˙ Οι δυνατότητες πρακτικής εφαρμογής τους μένει να διερευνηθούν.
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