The Effect of Spatiotemporal Skills Data of Complex I on Attack Performance in High-Level Men’s Volleyball

Abstract

In volleyball, skills are interconnected and influence each other. This study examines the interconnectedness of volleyball skills by investigating the influence of spatiotemporal reception and setting characteristics on attack performance in complex 1 in high-level men's volleyball. A total of N=4,447 attacks from 36 matches of high-level men's tournaments (Olympic Games 2021, European Championship 2021) were examined and analyzed. The observation method collected data on the variables selected for this research. Data was recorded using a specific protocol in Microsoft Office Excel on a portable computer. For the reliability assessment of the observers, the first two authors observed and recorded 10% of the sample (4 matches) and repeated the same process 15 days later. Statistical analysis involved a chi-square test of independence to determine the relationship between spatiotemporal reception and setting characteristics and attack performance. The Cramer V coefficient and adjusted residuals were used to evaluate the effect size and identify significant associations (p<0,05). The results of this study showed that certain spatiotemporal characteristics of skills play a significant role in attack performance. These elements concern the reception direction (p<0,001), the setting tempo (p<0,001), the setting zone (p<0,001) and the threat existence of the middle-attacker player (p<0,001). The attack performance after reception is not influenced by the reception zone (p=0,074) and the reception trajectory (p=0,102), as well as the threat point on the net of the middle-attacker player (p=0,055). In conclusion, the results support the notion that volleyball skills are interconnected, particularly at high levels of play. Precise execution of preceding actions, specifically reception and setting skills, is crucial for maximizing attack performance. Coaches could use the research findings to shape their coaching plans differently, emphasizing the technical skills affecting attack performance and allocating their coaching time accordingly. At the same time, they should find solutions to face these elements when applied by opponent teams.