The Effects of Interventional Exercise Programs in People with Mental Illness

Abstract

Recent research findings demonstrate the positive role of physical activity (PA) in mental well-being. Long-term participation in PA can create new neurons and blood vessels in people with mental disorders, improving their cognitive abilities and general functioning. In many cases, it is recommended to incorporate PA into the treatment program for people with mental disorders, such as schizophrenia. The aim of the literature review is to examine recent research results on the impact of PA on the symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as to examine the existence of PA programs that are appropriate for people with serious mental disorders. For the needs of the research, a critical and systematic review of 26 relevant studies was conducted, which met the relevant inclusion criteria and a time period from 2000 to 2025 and were relevant to the research objectives of this work. Through the literature review, it emerged that PA offers multiple benefits to people with serious mental disorders, including weight control, improvement of cardiovascular health and prevention of the occurrence of metabolic disorders. In addition, PA enhances the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia, in cognitive functions and in the general functioning of the individual, through the enhancement of brain neuroplasticity. However, the initiation and continued participation in PA programs is characterized by many challenges for this specific population group. It seems that the success of the programs depends largely on whether they offer joy and satisfaction to the participants, as well as the opportunity for social interaction during the activity. The existence of a stable social supportive environment is also important for the success of these programs. In addition, the need to develop ways to integrate mental health services with community PA centers and to integrate specialized professional coaches into these services was recorded. In addition, further clinical research is necessary to develop more effective PA programs that will lead to a significant overcoming of the barriers faced by people with serious mental disorders.