Shoulder Isometric Torque and Flexors/Extensors Ratio in Gymnasts and Physical Education Students

Abstract

The aim of this study was the evaluation of shoulder flexors and extensors isometric peak torque and isometric flexor/extensor ratios with the elbows fully extended. Fifteen highly competitive male gymnasts and 18 physical education students of age 19.37 ± 2.27 and 21.27 ± 2.41 years, respectively, participated voluntarily in the study. The measurements were applied using the isokinetic Humac Norm 770 dynamometer at the angles of 45º, 90º, and 135º and the participants performed the measurements in a supine position. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVAs) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVAs) with the body mass, body mass index, and fat-free mass as covariates, revealed significant greater peak torque values for gymnasts, compared to physical education students, as regards all the variables that were examined. On the contrary, there were no differences regarding the isometric flexor/extensor ratios. Considering the limitations of the study, the results provide an initial database which is useful for coaches and especially for coaches of gymnastics, therapists and researchers, in order to evaluate the development or/and the maintenance of balanced development of shoulder muscles strength.